Saturn is a subsidiary of General Motors that was established in January 7, 1985. This move was made by General Motors as a response to the success of Japanese cars in the United States. Saturn was then marketed as a vehicle produced by a separate company. Saturn also operated independently from its parent company. Due to the financial problem encountered by General Motors, it tried to sell the Saturn mark to Penske automotive. When the deal failed, General Motors discontinued producing Saturn vehicles and ended its existing franchises.